Fabricating niosomal-PEG nanoparticles co-loaded with metformin and silibinin for effective treatment of human lung cancer cells

Background Despite current therapies, lung cancer remains a global issue and requires the creation of novel treatment methods. Recent research has shown that biguanides such as metformin (MET) silibinin (SIL) have potential anticancer effect. As consequence, effectiveness MET SIL in combination against cells was investigated this study to develop an effective method. Methods Niosomal nanoparticles were synthesized via thin-film hydration method, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), atomic force (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques used evaluate their physico-chemical characteristics. The cytotoxic effects free drug-loaded (NPs), well combination, on A549 assessed using MTT assay. An apoptosis test while under influence medication identify molecular mechanisms behind programmed cell death. With use cycle test, it determined whether pharmaceutical caused stop progressing. Additionally, qRT-PCR technique levels hTERT, BAX, BCL-2 gene expression after 48-h treatment. Results In cytotoxicity assay, growth inhibited by both SIL. Compared individual dramatically synergistically decreased IC50 values cells. Furthermore, produced lower better anti-proliferative effect Real-time PCR results showed hTERT significantly reduced lines treated with compared single treatments (p< 0.001). Conclusion It is anticipated nano-niosomal-formed would improve outcomes therapeutic efficiency